The Dhammapada ဓမၼပဒဘာသာျပန္ ၁း၁၄

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LEARNING WITHOUT PRACTICE IS OF NO WORTH Bahum pi ce sahitaṁ bhāsamāno Na takkaro hoti naro pamatto Gopo’ vā gāvo gaṇayaṁ paresaṁ Nabhāgavā sāmaññassa hoti 19 Appam pi ce sahitaṁ bhāsamāno Dhammassa hoti anudhammacāri Rāgañ ca dosañ ca pahāya moham Sammappajāno suvimottacitto Anupādiyāno idha vā huraṁ vā Sa bhāgavā sāmaññassa hoti 20 Though much he recites the Sacred Texts,  but act not accordingly, that heedless man is like a cowherd who counts others’ kine.  He has not share in the fruits of the Holy life. Though little he recites the Secred Texts, but acts in accordance with the teaching, forsaking, with mind well freed, clinging to naught here and hereafter, he shares the fruits of the Holy life. 1:14 Knowledge is not realisation Once there were two bikkhus of noble family who were good friends.  One of them had learned the Tipitaka and was very proficient in reciting and preaching the sacred doctrine. He taught many other bikkhus and became the instructor of eighteen groups  of bikkhus.  The other bikkhu after striving diligently and ardently, attained Arahanthood together with extraordinary know-ledge in the course of insight Meditation. On one occasion, when the second bhikkhu came to pay homage to the Buddha at jetavana monestary, the two bhikkhu met.  Not realizing that his friend had already become an Arahant, the master of Tipitaka looked down on him, thinking that the old Bhikkhu knew very little of the sacred Dhamma.  So he decided to ask him some questions on the Dhamma.  The Buddha knew about unkind intention and he also knew that as a result of seeking to ridicule a noble disciple the learned bhikkhu would have to suffer. So, out of compassion, the Buddha visited the two bhikkhu to prevent the learned bhikkhu from ridiculing his friend. The Buddha himself did the questioning. He put questions on Jhāna and maggas (highter achievement through mediation) to the master of the Tipitaka who could not answer them because he had not practiced what he had tought. The other bhikkhu, having ptacticed the Dhamma and having attained Arahanthood, could answer all the queations. The Buddha praised the one who had practiced and realized the Dhamma but not a single word of praise was spoken for the learned scholar. The resident disciples could not understand why the Buddha had words of praise for the old bhikkhu and not for their learned teacher. the Buddha explained the matter to them saying that the learned bhikkhu who knows a great deal but does not live in accordance with the Dhamma is like a cowherd, who look after the cows for wages, while the one who practices Dhamma is like the owner who enjoys the five kinds of produce of the cows, Thus, the scholar enjoyd only the services rendered to him by his pupils but not the benefit of Sainthood. The other bhikkhu, though he knows little and recites only a little of the Dhamma, having clearly comprehended the essence of it and having practiced it diligently, has eradicated craving, ill-will and ignorance. His mind being totally freed from mental defilements and from all attachments of this world as well as to the next he truly reaps the benefits of sainthood or Perfection. အက်င့္တရားမပါတဲ့ အသိတရားဟာ တန္ဖုိးမရွိဘူး  ဗဟုမၸိ ေစ သံဟိတ  ဘာသမာေနာ  န တကၠေရာ ေဟာတိ နေရာ ပမေတၱာ။ ေဂါေပါဝ  ဂါေဝါ ဂဏယံ ပေရသံ  န ဘာဂဝါ သာမညႆ ေဟာတိ။ ၁၉ အပၸမၸိ ေစ သံဟိတ ဘာသမာေနာ ဓမၼႆ ေဟာတိ  အႏုဓမၼစာရီ။ ရာဂၪၥ ေဒါသၪၥ ပဟာယ ေမာဟံ သမၼပၸဇာေနာ သုဝိမုတၱစိေတၱာ။ အႏုပါဒိယာေနာ ဣဓ ဝါ ဟုရံ ဝါ သ ဘာဂဝါ သာမညႆ ေဟာတိ။ ၂၀ ျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာက်မ္းစာကုိ မ်ားစြာအာဂုံေဆာင္ထားေသာ္လည္း ထုိက်မ္းစာအတုိင္း မက်င့္ အေလးမူျခင္းမရွိတဲ့သူဟာ ႏြားမမ်ားကုိေရတြက္သူ ႏြားေက်ာင္းသားနဲ႔တူတယ္။ သူဟာျမင့္ျမတ္တဲ့ ဘဝရဲ႕အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးကုိ မခံစားရ။ ျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာက်မ္းစာကုိ အနည္းငယ္သိေသာ္လည္း ေဟာၾကားျခင္း၊စြန္႔လႊတ္ျခင္း၊ေကာင္းစြာလြတ္လပ္ေသာစိတ္ရွိျခင္း၊ဒီဘဝေနာက္ဘဝျငိတြယ္ျခင္းမရွိ သိသည့္အတုိင္းက်င့္သုံး သူဟာျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာဘဝရဲ႕ အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးကုိ ခံစားရတယ္။ ၁း၁၄ အသိပညာဟာ နားလည္သေဘာေပါက္တာမဟုတ္ တစ္ခါကမိတ္ေဆြေကာင္းမ်ားျဖစ္သူျမင့္ျမတ္တဲ့မိသားစုကေပါက္ဖြားတဲ့ရဟန္းႏွစ္ပါးရွိတယ္  အဲဒီႏွစ္ပါးထဲက တစ္ပါးဟာ တိပိဋကကုိ သင္ယူျပီး ျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာက်မ္းစာကုိ ရြတ္ဆုိျခင္း ေဟာၾကားျခင္းမွာ ကြ်မ္းက်င္တယ္ သူဟာ ရဟန္းမ်ားစြာကုိ သင္ၾကားျပီး ရဟန္း ၁၈ ပါးအုပ္စုရဲ႕ သင္ျပေပးသူ ျဖစ္လာပါတယ္ အျခားရဟန္းမ်ားဟာ ထက္ထက္သန္သန္ လုံ႔လဝီရိယရွိစြာ အားထုတ္ျပီးေနာက္ သာမာန္ထက္ပုိတဲ့ အဆင့္နဲ႔ အတူရဟႏၱာအျဖစ္တက္ေရာက္ပါတယ္။ တစ္ခါမွာ ရဟန္းတစ္ပါးက ျမတ္ဗုဒၶကုိ ဖူးေျမွာ္ဖုိ႔ ေဇတဝန္ေက်ာင္းေတာ္ကုိ လာတဲ့အခါ ရဟန္းႏွစ္ပါးဟာ ေတြ႔ဆုံၾကပါတယ္။ သူ႔ရဲ႕မိတ္ေဆြရဟႏၱာျဖစ္ျပီးတာကုိ မသိပဲ ရဟန္းၾကီးဟာ ျမင့္ျမတ္တဲ့ တရားေတာ္ကုိ နည္းနည္းသာသိတယ္ လုိ႔ေတြးေတာကာ ပိဋကသုံးပုံေဆာင္ရဟန္းက သူ႔ကုိ အထင္ေသးပါတယ္ ဒါေၾကာင့္ သူဟာဓမၼနဲ႔ပတ္သက္တဲ့ ေမးခြန္းအခ်ိဳ႕ကုိ ရဟန္းၾကီးအားေမးျမန္းပါတယ္  မညာမတာတဲ့ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္နဲ႔ပတ္သက္လုိ႔ေရာဆင္းရဲမွဳခံစားရမယ့္ တရားအားထုတ္ျပီး ျမင့္ျမတ္တဲ့ရဟန္းတစ္ပါးကုိ သေရာ္ဖုိ႔ အျပစ္ရွာေနတယ္ဆုိတာကုိပါ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶက သိေတာ္မူပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ သမာပတ္ကေနထေျမာက္ျပီး ျမတ္ဗုုဒၶဟာ တရားအားထုတ္ျပီးရဟန္းကုိ သေရာ္ျခင္းကေနတားဆီးဖုိ႔ ရဟန္းႏွစ္ပါးအထံၾကြလာပါတယ္ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶကုိယ္ေတာ္တုိင္ ေမးခြန္းထုတ္ပါတယ္ သင္ၾကားထားသမွ်အားထုတ္ထားျခင္းမရွိတာေၾကာင့္ ပိဋကသုံးပုံေဆာင္ရဟန္းမေျဖႏုိင္တဲ့ ( တရားက်င့္ၾကံအားထုတ္မွ ရရွိတဲ့) စ်ာန္ မဂ္ဖုိလ္ အေၾကာင္းကုိ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶက ေမးခြန္းထုတ္ပါတယ္ တရားကုိအားထုတ္ထားျပီး ရဟႏၱာအျဖစ္သုိ႔တက္ေရာက္ထားတဲ့အျခားရဟန္းက ေမးခြန္းအားလုံးကုိ ေျဖဆုိႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶဟာ ဓမၼကုိ နားလည္သေဘာေပါက္ျပီးက်င့္ၾကံအားထုတ္ျပီးသူကုိ ခ်ီးက်ဴးျပီး တိပိဋကေဆာင္ပညာရွင္ကုိ ခ်ီးက်ဴးစကားတစ္ခြန္းမွ်မေျပာဆုိပါဘူး အတူသီတင္းသုံး တပည့္မ်ားက ျမတ္ဗုဒၶဟာ ဘာေၾကာင့္ ရဟန္းၾကီးကုိ ခ်ီးက်ဴးစကားဆုိျပီး သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕ ပိဋကသုံးပုံေဆာင္ဆရာကုိ ခ်ီးက်ဴးစကားမဆုိျခင္းကုိ နားမလည္ၾကပါဘူး မ်ားစြာသင္ၾကားျပီး ဓမၼအတုိင္းမေနထုိင္သူဟာ လုပ္အားခရဖုိ႔ ႏြားမ်ားကုိ ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေနသူ ႏြားေက်ာင္းသားနဲ႔တူတယ္ ဓမၼကုိက်င့္ၾကံအားထုတ္သူဟာ ႏြားမမ်ားက ထုတ္လုပ္တဲ့ အရသာငါးမ်ိဳးကုိပုိင္ဆုိင္သူ ႏြားပုိင္ရွင္နဲ႔တူတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ပညာရွင္ဟာသူ႔ရဲ႕တပည့္ေတြက သူ႕ကုိ ဝတ္ၾကီးဝတ္ငယ္ျပဳလုပ္ေပးျခင္းကုိသာ ရရွိျပီး သူေတာ္ေကာင္းျဖစ္ျခင္း (ရဟႏၱာျဖစ္ျခင္း) အက်ိဳးကုိ မရရွိႏုိင္ဘူး ဓမၼကုိ အနည္းငယ္ကုိ သိကာ ေဟာၾကားျပီး ထုိဓမၼရဲ႕အႏွစ္သာရကုိ ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္းသိ ၾကိဳးစားကာ အားထုတ္သူ အျခားရဟန္းဟာ ေလာဘ၊ေဒါသ၊ေမာဟ ကေန လြတ္ေျမာက္ျပီးျပီ  သူဟာ သူေတာ္ေကာင္း (ရဟႏၱာ) သုိ႔မဟုတ္- ျပည့္စုံျခင္းအက်ိဳးေက်းဇူး ကုိ တကယ္ပင္ခံစားရသလိုကိေလသာအညစ္အေၾကးမရွိ ဒီဘဝသံေယာဇဥ္ ကေနလြတ္ေျမာက္ ျပီးျပီ လုိ႔ ေျပာၾကားရင္း အေၾကာင္းအရာကုိ အတူေနတပည့္တုိ႔အား ျမတ္ဗုဒၶက ရွင္းျပပါတယ္။

LEARNING WITHOUT PRACTICE IS OF NO WORTH

Bahum pi ce sahitaṁ bhāsamāno

Na takkaro hoti naro pamatto

Gopo’ vā gāvo gaṇayaṁ paresaṁ

Nabhāgavā sāmaññassa hoti 19

Appam pi ce sahitaṁ bhāsamāno

Dhammassa hoti anudhammacāri

Rāgañ ca dosañ ca pahāya moham

Sammappajāno suvimottacitto

Anupādiyāno idha vā huraṁ vā

Sa bhāgavā sāmaññassa hoti 20

Though much he recites the Sacred Texts,

 but act not accordingly, that heedless man is like a cowherd who counts others’ kine.

 He has not share in the fruits of the Holy life.

Though little he recites the Secred Texts,

but acts in accordance with the teaching, forsaking,

with mind well freed, clinging to naught here and hereafter,

he shares the fruits of the Holy life.

1:14 Knowledge is not realisation

Once there were two bikkhus of noble family who were good friends.

 One of them had learned the Tipitaka and was very proficient in reciting and preaching the sacred doctrine.

He taught many other bikkhus and became the instructor of eighteen groups  of bikkhus.

 The other bikkhu after striving diligently and ardently, attained Arahanthood together with extraordinary know-ledge in the course of insight Meditation.

On one occasion, when the second bhikkhu came to pay homage to the Buddha at jetavana monestary, the two bhikkhu met.

 Not realizing that his friend had already become an Arahant, the master of Tipitaka looked down on him, thinking that the old Bhikkhu knew very little of the sacred Dhamma.

 So he decided to ask him some questions on the Dhamma.

 The Buddha knew about unkind intention and he also knew that as a result of seeking to ridicule a noble disciple the learned bhikkhu would have to suffer.

So, out of compassion, the Buddha visited the two bhikkhu to prevent the learned bhikkhu from ridiculing his friend.

The Buddha himself did the questioning.

He put questions on Jhāna and maggas (highter achievement through mediation) to the master of the Tipitaka who could not answer them because he had not practiced what he had tought.

The other bhikkhu, having ptacticed the Dhamma and having attained Arahanthood, could answer all the queations.

The Buddha praised the one who had practiced and realized the Dhamma but not a single word of praise was spoken for the learned scholar.

The resident disciples could not understand why the Buddha had words of praise for the old bhikkhu and not for their learned teacher.

the Buddha explained the matter to them saying that the learned bhikkhu who knows a great deal but does not live in accordance with the Dhamma is like a cowherd, who look after the cows for wages, while the one who practices Dhamma is like the owner who enjoys the five kinds of produce of the cows, Thus, the scholar enjoyd only the services rendered to him by his pupils but not the benefit of Sainthood.

The other bhikkhu, though he knows little and recites only a little of the Dhamma, having clearly comprehended the essence of it and having practiced it diligently, has eradicated craving, ill-will and ignorance.

His mind being totally freed from mental defilements and from all attachments of this world as well as to the next he truly reaps the benefits of sainthood or Perfection.

အက်င့္တရားမပါတဲ့ အသိတရားဟာ တန္ဖုိးမရွိဘူး

 ဗဟုမၸိ ေစ သံဟိတ  ဘာသမာေနာ

 န တကၠေရာ ေဟာတိ နေရာ ပမေတၱာ။

ေဂါေပါဝ  ဂါေဝါ ဂဏယံ ပေရသံ

 န ဘာဂဝါ သာမညႆ ေဟာတိ။ ၁၉

အပၸမၸိ ေစ သံဟိတ ဘာသမာေနာ

ဓမၼႆ ေဟာတိ  အႏုဓမၼစာရီ။

ရာဂၪၥ ေဒါသၪၥ ပဟာယ ေမာဟံ

သမၼပၸဇာေနာ သုဝိမုတၱစိေတၱာ။

အႏုပါဒိယာေနာ ဣဓ ဝါ ဟုရံ ဝါ

သ ဘာဂဝါ သာမညႆ ေဟာတိ။ ၂၀

ျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာက်မ္းစာကုိ မ်ားစြာအာဂုံေဆာင္ထားေသာ္လည္း ထုိက်မ္းစာအတုိင္း မက်င့္ အေလးမူျခင္းမရွိတဲ့သူဟာ ႏြားမမ်ားကုိေရတြက္သူ ႏြားေက်ာင္းသားနဲ႔တူတယ္။

သူဟာျမင့္ျမတ္တဲ့ ဘဝရဲ႕အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးကုိ မခံစားရ။

ျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာက်မ္းစာကုိ အနည္းငယ္သိေသာ္လည္း ေဟာၾကားျခင္း၊စြန္႔လႊတ္ျခင္း၊ေကာင္းစြာလြတ္လပ္ေသာစိတ္ရွိျခင္း၊ဒီဘဝေနာက္ဘဝျငိတြယ္ျခင္းမရွိ သိသည့္အတုိင္းက်င့္သုံး သူဟာျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာဘဝရဲ႕ အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးကုိ ခံစားရတယ္။

၁း၁၄ အသိပညာဟာ နားလည္သေဘာေပါက္တာမဟုတ္

တစ္ခါကမိတ္ေဆြေကာင္းမ်ားျဖစ္သူျမင့္ျမတ္တဲ့မိသားစုကေပါက္ဖြားတဲ့ရဟန္းႏွစ္ပါးရွိတယ္

 အဲဒီႏွစ္ပါးထဲက တစ္ပါးဟာ တိပိဋကကုိ သင္ယူျပီး ျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာက်မ္းစာကုိ ရြတ္ဆုိျခင္း ေဟာၾကားျခင္းမွာ ကြ်မ္းက်င္တယ္

သူဟာ ရဟန္းမ်ားစြာကုိ သင္ၾကားျပီး ရဟန္း ၁၈ ပါးအုပ္စုရဲ႕ သင္ျပေပးသူ ျဖစ္လာပါတယ္

အျခားရဟန္းမ်ားဟာ ထက္ထက္သန္သန္ လုံ႔လဝီရိယရွိစြာ အားထုတ္ျပီးေနာက္ သာမာန္ထက္ပုိတဲ့ အဆင့္နဲ႔ အတူရဟႏၱာအျဖစ္တက္ေရာက္ပါတယ္။

တစ္ခါမွာ ရဟန္းတစ္ပါးက ျမတ္ဗုဒၶကုိ ဖူးေျမွာ္ဖုိ႔ ေဇတဝန္ေက်ာင္းေတာ္ကုိ လာတဲ့အခါ ရဟန္းႏွစ္ပါးဟာ ေတြ႔ဆုံၾကပါတယ္။

သူ႔ရဲ႕မိတ္ေဆြရဟႏၱာျဖစ္ျပီးတာကုိ မသိပဲ ရဟန္းၾကီးဟာ ျမင့္ျမတ္တဲ့ တရားေတာ္ကုိ နည္းနည္းသာသိတယ္ လုိ႔ေတြးေတာကာ ပိဋကသုံးပုံေဆာင္ရဟန္းက သူ႔ကုိ အထင္ေသးပါတယ္

ဒါေၾကာင့္ သူဟာဓမၼနဲ႔ပတ္သက္တဲ့ ေမးခြန္းအခ်ိဳ႕ကုိ ရဟန္းၾကီးအားေမးျမန္းပါတယ္

 မညာမတာတဲ့ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္နဲ႔ပတ္သက္လုိ႔ေရာဆင္းရဲမွဳခံစားရမယ့္ တရားအားထုတ္ျပီး

ျမင့္ျမတ္တဲ့ရဟန္းတစ္ပါးကုိ သေရာ္ဖုိ႔ အျပစ္ရွာေနတယ္ဆုိတာကုိပါ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶက သိေတာ္မူပါတယ္။

ဒါေၾကာင့္ သမာပတ္ကေနထေျမာက္ျပီး ျမတ္ဗုုဒၶဟာ တရားအားထုတ္ျပီးရဟန္းကုိ သေရာ္ျခင္းကေနတားဆီးဖုိ႔ ရဟန္းႏွစ္ပါးအထံၾကြလာပါတယ္

ျမတ္ဗုဒၶကုိယ္ေတာ္တုိင္ ေမးခြန္းထုတ္ပါတယ္

သင္ၾကားထားသမွ်အားထုတ္ထားျခင္းမရွိတာေၾကာင့္ ပိဋကသုံးပုံေဆာင္ရဟန္းမေျဖႏုိင္တဲ့ ( တရားက်င့္ၾကံအားထုတ္မွ ရရွိတဲ့) စ်ာန္ မဂ္ဖုိလ္ အေၾကာင္းကုိ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶက ေမးခြန္းထုတ္ပါတယ္

တရားကုိအားထုတ္ထားျပီး ရဟႏၱာအျဖစ္သုိ႔တက္ေရာက္ထားတဲ့အျခားရဟန္းက ေမးခြန္းအားလုံးကုိ ေျဖဆုိႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

ျမတ္ဗုဒၶဟာ ဓမၼကုိ နားလည္သေဘာေပါက္ျပီးက်င့္ၾကံအားထုတ္ျပီးသူကုိ ခ်ီးက်ဴးျပီး တိပိဋကေဆာင္ပညာရွင္ကုိ ခ်ီးက်ဴးစကားတစ္ခြန္းမွ်မေျပာဆုိပါဘူး

အတူသီတင္းသုံး တပည့္မ်ားက ျမတ္ဗုဒၶဟာ ဘာေၾကာင့္ ရဟန္းၾကီးကုိ ခ်ီးက်ဴးစကားဆုိျပီး သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕ ပိဋကသုံးပုံေဆာင္ဆရာကုိ ခ်ီးက်ဴးစကားမဆုိျခင္းကုိ နားမလည္ၾကပါဘူး

မ်ားစြာသင္ၾကားျပီး ဓမၼအတုိင္းမေနထုိင္သူဟာ လုပ္အားခရဖုိ႔ ႏြားမ်ားကုိ ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေနသူ ႏြားေက်ာင္းသားနဲ႔တူတယ္ ဓမၼကုိက်င့္ၾကံအားထုတ္သူဟာ ႏြားမမ်ားက ထုတ္လုပ္တဲ့ အရသာငါးမ်ိဳးကုိပုိင္ဆုိင္သူ ႏြားပုိင္ရွင္နဲ႔တူတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ပညာရွင္ဟာသူ႔ရဲ႕တပည့္ေတြက သူ႕ကုိ ဝတ္ၾကီးဝတ္ငယ္ျပဳလုပ္ေပးျခင္းကုိသာ ရရွိျပီး သူေတာ္ေကာင္းျဖစ္ျခင္း (ရဟႏၱာျဖစ္ျခင္း) အက်ိဳးကုိ မရရွိႏုိင္ဘူး

ဓမၼကုိ အနည္းငယ္ကုိ သိကာ ေဟာၾကားျပီး ထုိဓမၼရဲ႕အႏွစ္သာရကုိ ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္းသိ ၾကိဳးစားကာ အားထုတ္သူ အျခားရဟန္းဟာ ေလာဘ၊ေဒါသ၊ေမာဟ ကေန လြတ္ေျမာက္ျပီးျပီ

 သူဟာ သူေတာ္ေကာင္း (ရဟႏၱာ) သုိ႔မဟုတ္- ျပည့္စုံျခင္းအက်ိဳးေက်းဇူး ကုိ တကယ္ပင္ခံစားရသလိုကိေလသာအညစ္အေၾကးမရွိ ဒီဘဝသံေယာဇဥ္ ကေနလြတ္ေျမာက္

ျပီးျပီ လုိ႔ ေျပာၾကားရင္း အေၾကာင္းအရာကုိ အတူေနတပည့္တုိ႔အား ျမတ္ဗုဒၶက ရွင္းျပပါတယ္။

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